Analysis of CT Brain Images using Radial Basis Function Neural Network

Medical image processing and analysis is the tool to assist radiologists in the diagnosis process to obtain a moreaccurate and faster diagnosis. In this work, we have developed a neural network to classify the computer tomography(CT) brain tumor image for automatic diagnosis. This system is divided into four steps namely enhancement, segmentation, feature extraction and classification. In the first phase, an edge-based selective median filter is usedto improve the visibility of the loss of the gray-white matter interface in CT brain tumor images. Second phaseuses a modified version of shift genetic algorithm for the segmentation. Next phase extracts the textural featuresusing statistical texture analysis method. These features are fed into classifiers like BPN, Fuzzy k-NN, and radialbasis function network. The performances of these classifiers are analyzed in the final phase with receiver operating characteristic and precision-recall curve. The result shows that the CAD system is only to develop the tool for braintumor and proposed method is very accurate and computationally more efficient and less time consuming.Defence Science Journal, 2012, 62(4), pp.212-218, DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dsj.62.183

Identification of a novel nucleolin related protein (NRP) gene expressed during rat spermatogenesis

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Nucleolin is a major nucleolar phosphoprotein involved in various steps of ribosome biogenesis in eukaryotic cells. As nucleolin plays a significant role in ribosomal RNA transcription we were interested in examining in detail the expression of nucleolin across different stages of spermatogenesis and correlate with the transcription status of ribosomal DNA in germ cells.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>By RT PCR and western blot analysis we found that nucleolin is strongly down regulated in meiotic spermatocytes and haploid germ cells. We have identified a new nucleolin related protein (NRP) gene in the rat genome, which is over expressed in the testis and is up regulated several fold in meiotic spermatocytes and haploid germ cells. The NRP protein lacks the acidic stretches in its N terminal domain, and it is encoded in rat chromosome 15 having a different genomic organization as compared to nucleolin gene present on chromosome 9. We have also found NRP genes encoded in genomes of other mammalian species. We performed run-on transcription assay where we have observed that rDNA is transcribed at much lower level in meiotic spermatocytes and haploid spermatids as compared to diploid cells. By siRNA knock down experiments we could also demonstrate that NRP can support rDNA transcription in the absence of nucleolin.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>We have identified a new nucleolin variant over expressed in germ cells in rat and analyzed its domain structure. We attribute that the transcriptional activity of rDNA genes in the late spermatogenesis is due to the presence of this variant NRP. The expression of this variant in the germ cells in the absence of nucleolin, could have additional functions in the mammalian spermatogenesis which needs to be investigated further.</p

PRANAYAMA Breathing To Medical Students as a Modern Medical Education Technology

With modern technologies we think and integrate, making the students not to use the unconscious brain to acquire the inherent knowledge of intuition, the basic quality of highly qualified professionals. The objective of this review is to introduce an intervention method at the time of early education itself to increase the empathy. First year education at medical college is a transit period from school to college. Some medical students find it very difficult to cope up with the increased workload. We should consider this and make them to lead a yoga way of life to live successfully and happily. Problems, solutions, tutorials, small group discussion, protocol, methodology, mentoring and student seminars developed by arts and management colleges should be modified to Medical College in such a way each medical student should become a potential Doctor. Modern Medical Education technologies which are useful to the city-based Medical Colleges may become a hazard or hindrance for the development of intuitive knowledge. Each one of us will be having different mode of learning and teaching. In order to reduce the burnout and stress-related mental disorders in medical students and physicians, one of the intervention methods is Yoga Breathing

To analyze and use the parameters in post-operative unstable intertrochanteric fractures treated using dynamic hip screw fixation as guidelines for re-operation

Background: The treatment of unstable intertrochanteric fractures is challenging due to the difficulty in obtaining anatomical reduction. The purpose of this study was to analyse and use the parameters (lateral femoral wall integrity and tip-apex distance) in post-operative unstable intertrochanteric fractures treated using dynamic hip screw (DHS) fixation as guidelines for re-operation.Methods: This was a prospective study and included 40 patients with unstable intertrochanteric fractures treated using DHS fixation from December 2014 to September 2016. The AO/OTA classification was used to classify each of the patients and their lateral femoral wall integrity and tip-apex distance was assessed in the post-operative radiographs.Results: In this study, 3 patients out of 40 (7.5%) had screw pull out within 5 months of surgery. 2 pull outs occurred when the screw was in the antero-superior zone and 1 when it was in the centre to centre zone. Thus, the rate of screw pull out was higher in the antero-superior zone. The 3 patients with screw pull out had a mean tip-apex distance (TAD) of 36.01 mm as compared to 32.96 mm of those who did not have screw pull out. We further found that pre-operatively 6 patients out of 40 (15%) had lost lateral femoral wall integrity whereas post-operatively 26 patients out of 40 (65%) had lost it. In summary, there is a 5 times higher risk of losing lateral femoral wall integrity if DHS is the implant of choice. Conclusions: On conclusion, unacceptable TAD limit with loss of lateral femoral wall integrity was found to be a definite indicator of DHS implant pull out. And also found that by using the DHS as an implant of choice, there is a 5 times higher risk of losing lateral femoral wall integrity intra-operatively and that its use for the treatment of unstable intertrochanteric fractures must be guarded

Electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness of copper plated fabrics

Electroless plating of copper on cotton and polyester fabrics has been done with varying CuSO4 concentration (8, 12, 16 and 20 g/L) and temperature (30°, 40°, 50° &amp; 60° C) for 30min at all levels. The plating depositions are characterized by scanning electron microscope and X-ray diffraction respectively. The physical properties, such as tensile strength, tear strength, abrasion resistance and electromagnetic interference shielding performances have also been investigated. It is found that the tensile and tear strength of cotton and polyester fabrics decrease with the increase in CuSO4 concentration. The abrasion resistance of copper plated cotton fabric decreases more than that of polyester fabric. The surface resistance of the copper plated polyester fabric shows poor electrical resistance and the electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness, but has high shielding effectiveness up to 30dB than cotton fabrics